Location and Climate
Pomerol lies in the north-east of the Gironde department in the Libournais wine-growing region and forms part of the Bordeaux region. The appellation borders Saint-Émilion to the south-east and Lalande-de-Pomerol to the north. Its area covers the commune of Pomerol, a demarcated part of Libourne, as well as defined plots in neighbouring communes. The temperate, ocean-influenced climate has moderate fluctuations in temperature. The confluence of the Isle and the Dordogne has a regulating effect; the north-easterly location favours comparatively warm summer and autumn temperatures.
Relief and Soils
The relief is for the most part flat and slopes gradually down to the valley of the Isle near its mouth into the Dordogne. The vineyard areas are situated on well-drained hillsides and slopes, while hydromorphic and poorly drained valley-floor plot areas are excluded. Erosion of older Carboniferous formations by the Isle and Quaternary deposits formed terraces running in a north-south direction. Typical are gravelly or sandy-gravelly surfaces, clay-rich tertiary subsoils and layers rich in iron oxides, which are locally referred to as “crasse de fer”.
Grape Varieties and Wine
For the appellation, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Merlot and Petit Verdot are permitted. Merlot is the dominant grape variety; Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cot contribute to structure and complexity, while Petit Verdot is used only rarely. Pomerol AOC is reserved exclusively for still red wines. The wines are described as intensely coloured and full-bodied, with strong aromas that can include black fruit, violets and truffle. They undergo a long development and are suitable for extended bottle ageing.
History and Regulations
Wine-growing has existed here since Roman times. The development of the vineyard began in the 12th century with the establishment of a priory of the Hospitaliers. After it was destroyed during the Hundred Years’ War, it was rebuilt and comprehensively renovated in the 18th century. Following the phylloxera crisis of the late 19th century, Merlot established itself as the most important grape variety. The appellation was recognised on 8 December 1936; its boundaries had already been defined by a ruling from 29 December 1928. The vines must be planted with at least 5,500 vines per hectare, and the wines may only be released to consumers from 15 November of the year following the harvest.
